C4 NEWS OVERVIEW VIDEO:
They're explaining it for their UK audience, most of whom find the NI issue/s as puzzling as you might, so hopefully you'll find this helpful!
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BBC NEWS 5MIN VIDEO ASKS UNIONISTS ABOUT HOW THEY'D FEEL IN A UNITED IRELAND.
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BBC NEWS 5MIN VIDEO ASKS UNIONISTS ABOUT HOW THEY'D FEEL IN A UNITED IRELAND.
A 2021 10min video feature.
OCT 2021 GUARDIAN EXPLAINS PROTOCOL + LIKELY EU REFORMS
A long read from the University of Bath puts the issue into historical context
It critiques the failings of the GFA as formalising separate identities and failing to deliver actual power sharing; shows how the GFA is centred on placing NI firmly within the EU. So, any imposition of a hard border (ie, a land border between the North and South) would effectively break NI's tie to the EU - and kill the GFA.
By Feb 2021, with the DUP responding to loyalist pressure by demanding the end of the Irish Sea border and threatening a boycott of all North-South bodies, the attempted unpicking of the GFA is underway.
The DUP are essentially correct to see the Brexit protocol as nudging NI towards a united Ireland - but ignore their own key role in fostering Brexit (and Tory/Johnson rule) despite majority NI opposition to it. NI is legally in the UK, but it's customs regulations are now outside the UK. The hard reality is that the Conservative and Unionist Party, the full traditional Tory name, saw and sees the destruction of the union, losing Scotland and NI, as a price worth paying for an English Brexit.
Johnson will fight, surely unsuccessfully, to block Scottish Indyref2, but is widely seen to have treated the DUP as convenient idiots, treating truth in a Trumpian manner as he pronounced the new protocol would mean zero forms or costs - anyone experiencing otherwise could send him the forms to tear up. In reality, such is the scale of the new cost and paperwork that to do so would take multiple truckloads - requiring lots of paperwork to get there and for drivers to avoid bringing bacon sandwiches with them...
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There was plenty enough debate about all this long before Brexit actually kicked. This 2019 opinion piece by the Irish Times' Fintan O'Toole is a good read.
The ConservativeHome blog also showed awareness of the pending major disruption between the Tories and unionists (Tories are traditionally unionists too don't forget!) with Lord Ashcroft's privately funded polling showing a huge schism over the issue of the backstop. In a nutshell, the English Tories didn't really care about what was a critical issue for NI unionists - they didn't care enough about the fate of NI as part of the UK to really fight on this issue.
ROLLING UPDATES - mostly sourced from BBC, Guardian, Belfast Telegraph (BT), Irish Times (IT), The Times (TT)
Don't lose sight of the roughly 20% (and growing) who are non-aligned; both the Alliance and Greens are picking up votes from people who don't define themselves within the nationalist/unionist binary that the GFA and the Assembly entrenches.
2021
HEADLINE
Outline
BIDEN BLOCKS UK TARIFF CUTS AS WARNING OVER PROTOCOL STANCE
Sky report.
SINN FEIN DON'T WANT REFERENDUM YET...BUT DO SUPPORT 12TH JULY PUBLIC HOLIDAY. DONALDSON JOINS FORUM ON IRISH FUTURE
Interesting take by Sinn Fein, taking the heat out of demands for a border poll - though surely that'll reverse quick if IndyRef2 happens - and pledging support for an all-Ireland July 12th public holiday (the day Orangemen - unionists - celebrate the historic 1690 victory of Protestant forces over those of the Catholic King James II; see Wiki). Irish Times.
IS UK USING STORMONT SUSPENSION POSSIBILITY AS BREXIT/PROTOCOL NEGOTIATING TOOL? DUP (PROTOCOL) + SINN FEIN (LANGUAGE ACT) DEADLINES TO WALK OUT ARE NOW DUE
Both parties had issued threats, saying their favoured part of the January 2020 NDNA agreement must be implemented before November or they'd walk out, collapsing power-sharing yet again.
The UK government had promised to intervene and pass a bill to create the Languages Act agreed in NDNA if it still hadn't been passed through Stormont. There is no activity on that front, but a bill is in Parliament now to change the period between a Stormont walk-out and suspension of power-sharing from one week to six months. See Irish Times.
DUP BREAKING LAW WITH NORTH-SOUTH MINISTERIAL COUNCIL MEETINGS BOYCOTT, BREACHING GFA
An extraordinary lawsuit has seen the DUP's ongoing boycott ruled unlawful, but no clear means of enforcing attendance. See BBC.
POLEXIT? AS UK REFUSES ECJ AUTHORITY OVER PROTOCOL POLAND FACES BEING FROZEN OUT OF EU FOR REJECTING EU LAW PRIMACY
This has been brewing as Poland steps back from democratic norms. A court ruling there confirms that Polish courts have primacy, NOT the European courts. That is simply not compatible with EU membership - the UK is making the same refusal over the NI Protocol - and so Poland could be blocked from all EU loans and finance ... and ultimately kicked out, despite having a strongly pro-EU populace. So did Scotland, NI, and Britain's younger generations though... Evening Standard.
OCTOBER: TRADE WAR? EU PREPARING CONCESSIONS BUT UK DISMISSING THESE IN ADVANCE?
Its likely a 'national identify exemption' will be offered on customs checks: goods from Britain, like the iconic sausage, intended for sale/consumption in NI only, NOT for further export to the RofI, will be exempted from customs checks. The suspicion is that the UK will reject any proposal for the political purpose of maintaining the high profile combative conflict with the EU, a distraction which helps party unity and to take attention off other issues. Remember, if the UK had agreed to maintain EU food and animal welfare standards this would not be necessary. A trade war is possible, but not inevitable:
'Catherine Barnard, professor of EU law at the University of Cambridge, believes short sharp shocks in the form of tariffs on iconic British products such as Scottish whisky or salmon are more likely.
She also said that the ECJ is not a significant issue in relation to the trade of goods. Its annual report cites just 24 cases relating to customs union laws currently pending, among more than 1,045 in total.' (Guardian)
JUNE 2021 G7 MEETING SEES US REAFFIRM BIPARTISAN COMMITMENT TO GFA; PREPARED TO PUNISH UK
Guardian outlines why the GFA is a rare bipartisan area of agreement. Johnson saw this G7 meeting as his chance to look grand on the global stage and show the UK as a confident global player freed from the EU - instead he's being attacked by US and EU for breaching international treaties, and looking weak.
WILL DUP SPLIT, OR FACE LIBERALS DEFECTIONS TO UUP?
I'm predicting the DUP is doomed as the lead party of unionism. You can't be particularly liberal if you're a DUP member, formed with links to Paisley's fundamentalist church, but the manner of the forcing out of Arlene Foster (widely judged as sexist) and the fact that new leader Edwin Poots is a creationist (believes that the Bible is the literal truth, the Earth is only 4000 years old) is seeing splits become public.
Jeffrey Donaldson doomed the UUP decades ago when he quit to join the anti-GFA DUP. I wouldn't be surprised if he pulls the reverse trick. New Deputy Leader Paula Bradley spoke of her sympathy for women having to travel to England still for abortions, despite the vote of the House of Commons and court demands for NI to introduce abortion services. A day later she's seemingly forced to give an anti-abortion statement (BTele).
TUV leader Jim Wells is piling on pressure from the even further right-wing TUV, damning Poots for saying he'll support the Languages Act. Wells sees Ulster-Scots as a dialect and it's inclusion as a way of disguising Sinn Fein's victory. (BTele).
Meanwhile Peter Robinson, DUP veteran, has criticised how Foster was pushed out, comparing this to how Ian Paisley was more gently eased out. (BTele)
APRIL 2021
LOYALIST RIOTS AND ANTI-POLICE RHETORIC FOR SINN FEIN FUNERAL VERDICT, BUT ARE UNIONIST LEADERS CULPABLE FOR VIOLENCE LINKED TO USA DRUGS RAID?
Guardian (6.4.21) reports on continuing disturbances. Initially linked to outrage against the PSNI deciding not to prosecute the marchers at IRA chief Bobby Storey's funeral (denied permission under covid rules) on top of angst over the Irish Sea Brexit border, it is now widely understood to be co-ordinated by a faction of the UDA, a loyalist terror group.
Specifically the South Antrim (precisely where I'm from) UDA, subject of a large drugs raid recently. Terror groups on both sides carry out punishment beatings against drug dealers ... while 'secretly' controlling the trade themselves (including colluding across the republican/loyalist divide).
The DUP have shown support to LCC statements and have been slow to condemn violence they helped encourage. Masked loyalist bands have marched, presumably breaking Parade Commission legal requirements - a concrete expression of the LCC statement on withdrawing support for the GFA, while the DUP talk openly about boycotting GFA institutions - possibly including the Assembly. They joined in the condemnation of the PSNI over the no Storey funeral prosecution ruling.
That has been a PR disaster for Sinn Fein as everyone grows weary of covid restrictions while seeing SF get away with breaches. All this at a moment when both sides are undermining support for the PSNI, under fire (literally!) from unionists in a way not seen since 1985 and the Anglo-Irish Agreement gave Ireland a say in the running of NI.
The Good Friday Agreement is looking decidedly shakey right now.
MARCH 2021
FIANNA FAIL SUGGEST GUARANTEED UNIONIST POSITION IN ALL-IRISH GOVERNMENT, NEW CONSTITUTION. 53% IN REPUBLIC BACK REUNIFICATION.
Irish Times article shows that serious debate has begun with a referendum increasingly viewed as inevitable - though it's the BRITISH government NI Secretary who would make that decision, not Ireland or Stormont. While the rest is split between no's and don't knows, and yes would win easily on that basis, 53% for ain't great!
STORMONT ABORTION BLOCKING SEES LONDON STEP IN AGAIN - BAD LOOK FOR BOTH DUP + SINN FEIN
Abortion is a useful issue to highlight hypocrisy of both the two dominant parties. The DUP reject the Irish Sea border as NI must be fully in line with GB ... unless we're talking about abortion, gay marriage or even teaching gender/sexual equality in schools. Sinn Fein's leftist brand, useful in the Republic of Ireland where the big 2 are similar conservative parties, stops abruptly on abortion where they're happy to enable the DUP (and UUP Health Minister Robin Swann) take the flak for continuing to obstruct and block abortion rights and provision, obscuring their own conservatism. They campaigned FOR and celebrated the (very limited) abortion legalisation referendum in the South, but they're not for going an inch further than rights which fall short of UN recommendations. Guardian.
UK GOV SHOULD PUBLISH CRITERIA FOR BORDER POLL SAYS EXPERT; WASHINGTON POST LOOK AT BARRIERS TO TWO REFERENDUMS
The New European reports on a call for better preparation for a reunification poll, and avoid the chaos of unplanned Brexit repeating.
The Washington Post similarly published a detailed analysis of the complications that stand in the way of a referendum happening - or succeeding.
The challenge of bringing unionists on board (can reunification work if most unionists vote against it?) is seen in the row over the UUP, DUP + TUV proposal to erect a centenary stone at Stormont - blocked by Sinn Fein. TUV leader Jim Allister complained "this is the party that talks most about respect for all communities, but when a modest proposal was made on behalf of the wider unionist community it was callously vetoed." The Alliance Party and SDLP had supported the proposal: "In a spirit of generosity, we were therefore supportive of the proposal which would have come at no cost to taxpayers and clearly had a great deal of meaning for unionists," said an SDLP spokesperson. BBC.
There's no way to spin this?!
EU LAUNCHES LEGAL CASE AGAINST UK UNILATERAL EXTENSION OF TRADE PROTOCOL GRACE PERIOD. US FRIENDS OF IRELAND CONGRESS GROUP APPALLED
It's a long, long way from PM Cameron's initial political miscalculation... Guardian.
The US Congress Friends of Ireland group spoke plainly to the EU's vice-president about how appalled they are at the UK's behaviour in unilaterally breaking international law in the form of the Brexit trade protocol. Guardian.
EX IRISH PM AHERN CALLS FOR 2028 BORDER POLL
Bertie Ahern helped negotiate the GFA as Irish Taoiseach (PM). He argues that IF nationalists and republicans "can convince our unionist friends this is the best thing for the whole island" the 30th anniversary of the 1998 GFA should be used for a border poll. He says reunification is inevitable. Irish Times.
BIDEN AND SENATE DECLARE BACKING FOR GFA IN WARNING TO UK AND JOHNSON. GB TO IRELAND EXPORTS FALL 65%
A Senate resolution will make the link between any UK/USA trade deal and maintaing the terms of the GFA firm and explicit. Irish Times.
The bill has now been formally entered by 1 Democrat + 1 Republican Senator. A vote is likely in April. Extraordinary crash in GB to Ireland export trade too: BBC.
DUP AND LOYALISTS KEEP HINTING AT VIOLENCE
Susan McKay writes in the Guardian on how while SF acknowledge their IRA ties, the unionist parties refuse to acknowledge their own.
EU TO BLOCK UK DEAL OVER NI BORDER? AND LOYALISTS WITHDRAW GFA SUPPORT!
Sensational - awful - day for Northern Ireland politics. The EU declares the UK an untrustworthy partner as it unilaterally declares changes to the NI trade protocol (Guardian) while loyalist representatives declare they no longer support the GFA over the very same issue! (Guardian)
REES-MOGG SAYS UNIONISTS CAN VOTE DOWN BORDER PROTOCOL AS SIMPLE MAJORITY
Absolute dynamite and fundamental threat to the GFA if this is true and if it came about!!! BTele.
DUP HALT CUSTOMS WORK - SF, SDLP, ALLIANCE COMBINE TO PROTEST (BTele)
The DUP are taking their anti-protocol behaviour to the edge. Peter Robinson has signalled willingness to collapse Stormont. All the border poll talk does signal a crisis moment for unionism, and the DUP also face pressure to remain as the dominant voice of unionism.
Sinn Fein Finance Minster Conor Murphy, SDLP Infrastructure Minister Nichola Mallon and Justice Minister Naomi Long have penned the joint letter to executive colleagues requesting the urgent meeting.
The letter, seen by the PA news agency, states: "This controversial and cross cutting matter requires the Executive to meet as a matter of urgency."
FEBRUARY
DUP MEET LOYALIST TERRORIST GROUP REPRESENTATIVES
BTele reports the latest move by the DUP to regain their credentials as the leading force within unionism.
INDIE: GB SAUSAGES BAN!
There are additional good articles linked within the art
icle too. It suggests the South hasn't really taken seriously the task of successfully integrating unionists. Another IT piece contrasts the welcoming response of the Ireland's Future campaign group with Paisley Jr's condemnation of a Max Hastings piece in Bloomberg in which he argues that reunification will happen within a generation, that the British (he's English, a former Daily Telegraph editor) don't care about Ireland, and this would correct the wrongs of 100 years ago that led to a segregated state like South Africa.
icle too. It suggests the South hasn't really taken seriously the task of successfully integrating unionists. Another IT piece contrasts the welcoming response of the Ireland's Future campaign group with Paisley Jr's condemnation of a Max Hastings piece in Bloomberg in which he argues that reunification will happen within a generation, that the British (he's English, a former Daily Telegraph editor) don't care about Ireland, and this would correct the wrongs of 100 years ago that led to a segregated state like South Africa.
CHEEKY! SDLP MLA SENDS FOSTER AMAZON BREXIT BOOK TO PROVE SHE'S WRONG!
The BT: 'An SDLP MLA ordered First Minister Arlene Foster the book ‘Brexit & Ireland’ to highlight that Amazon packages are being delivered to Northern Ireland.
South Belfast MLA Matthew O’Toole’s effort came after DUP leader Mrs Foster claimed that both nationalists and unionists are suffering from Amazon delivery problems.'
ALLIANCE, UUP PROPOSALS TO TWEAK THE PROTOCOL: SWISS MODEL?
As the rhetoric from the DUP and loyalist groups spirals out of control, there have been some quite sensible proposals from the more moderate Alliance and UUP, including a 2 year extension to delaying full implementation. The BBC breaks down the possibilities. The BT reports on renewed IRISH SEA TUNNEL reports too.
DUP SUPPORT SLUMPS, LOYALISTS SWITCHING TO TUV. ALLIANCE TO BE 2ND BIGGEST BEHIND SINN FEIN?
There's a crisis ahead here - the D'Hondt system assumed dominant nationalist and unionist blocs, a centrist, non-sectarian party doesn't nearly fit the power-sharing model (which has seen reforms, but I don't think it's ready for this). Belfast Te
legraph. The PUP have also been ramping up the rhetoric, calling for a coalition of all unionists to smash the Irish Sea border, if necessary boycotting Eire. BT.
legraph. The PUP have also been ramping up the rhetoric, calling for a coalition of all unionists to smash the Irish Sea border, if necessary boycotting Eire. BT.
Indie also report on a Protestant, former unionist, SDLP candidate and the momentum on a reunification referendum.
The SDLP is warning that unionist/loyalist tactics, threatening boycotts of North/South institutions, could collapse Stormont yet again (BT).
BBC: The DUP succeeded in getting 140,000 to sign a petition demanding Article 16 is triggered, leading to a Commons debate on Feb 22nd. Given the clear crisis this poses for NI unionism that's maybe not so impressive. Former leader Peter Robinson has voiced the growing idea of boycotting Stormont unless and until Article 16 is triggered. That's not official DUP policy YET, but Foster is hinting at support. NI is stuck in crisis mode with a UK PM who has shown willingness to treat NI, not least unionists, with disdain. As the lengthy Uni of Bath article at the top of this post shows, Article 16 would threaten to demolish the GFA, which is heavily based on NI's permanent EU links to maintain a soft border.
JANUARY
UUP JOINS DUP RAGE AGAINST THE MACHINERY (UK ARMY PAPERWORK REQUIREMENT!)
The nature of the union that unionists are focused on upholding has been changed by Brexit, and the UUP have now joined the more strident DUP in voicing their rage against the dawning of light, in this case over the perception that UK military movements to/from NI are restricted by the need to submit paperwork for any equipment used. BBC.
EU UNITES SF, DUP, UK, EIRE IN ANGER OVER INVOKING ARTICLE 16
An extraordinary row! The EU Commission invoked Article 16 - the block on NI's status within the EU trading bloc! - to stop vaccines moving from the EU to the UK.
After all of the above (including EU member R. of Ireland remember!) expressed outrage the Commission backtracked, saying they had committed an error...
So, here we see the result of UK intransigence and antagonism, now reflected back over the still very live grenade of covid vaccines by the Anglo-Swedish conglomerate Astra-Zeneca, which the EU perceives as sending out vaccines that should be used to meet the much later-placed EU order. Free market principles indeed 😂 (See Guardian)
MAJORITY IN NI NOW WANT BORDER POLL
Belfast Telegraph report on a survey which shows
- small majority now want a border poll
- but 47% to 42% against reunification
- however! majority for reunification in under 45s
- big majority in England for it or don't care
Scottish independence is expected across the UK population despite Johnson's stated determination to block Indyref2 even if the SNP yet again win a majority in the upcoming Scottish Parliament elections, as polls predict they will.
Sky News carried an interview with Arlene Foster on this, quite interesting response.
Meantime, Paisley Jr has been attracting multiple negative headlines for controversial statements - I wonder is he thinking of a leadership challenge again? The latest occasion was the Commons Northern Ireland Affairs Committee, the standing committee that oversees the work of the NIO and NI Secretary (see Belfast Telegraph). An Alliance MP and a Tory criticised his use of "the Catholic IRA".
LOYALIST GROUP EXPRESSES ANGER TO NIO
Belfast Telegraph. The SDLP aren't happy that the NIO would meet with proscribed (banned/illegal) groups (also B. Telegraph)
2021 CENTENARY ROW: SF TO MARK 50 YEAR ANNIVERSARY OF INTERNMENT?
The row over whether or not to celebrate the centenary of NI's 1921 formation could get serious with 2021 also marking 50 years since internment.
That move by the British government did much to fuel and sustain the cause of violent republicanism, including boosting financial support from the USA. Loyalists would also be caught up in the stunningly undemocratic policy but it was clearly aimed at squashing republicanism.
The DUP are likely to react with fury over any move to replace celebrations with remembrance over this authoritarian move, a row that could become destabilising to the business of Stormont, and see questions raised about the status of the IRA - police reports continue to describe them as having active elements. See Belfast Telegraph.
BBC QUESTION TIME HAS NI EPISODE, NI SECRETARY TALKS OF EU TRADE ADVANTAGE FOR NI
Janus, the two-faced mythical Roman god, would be proud of the fiercely pro-Brexit Tory NI Secretary bigging up the huge advantage NI has with its stronger trade links with the EU, unlike GB. Social media has lit up with a barrage of belittlement. You can watch the episode here - I could only find it on the SF channel through a YT search.
NI COULD BE CUT FROM UK-USA TRADE DEAL
In an otherwise positive analysis of the impact of Biden replacing Trump on the NI economy there's the interesting point that as NI remains tied to EU conditions the expected food elements of any UK-USA trade deal could mean it's GB-USA only.
'He posited that one of the key US demands will be increased access to the UK market for its food products.
"Given that one of the key aspects of NI's Protocol is that we are still applying all the EU's animal and food safety standards it is hard to see how NI could allow in US agricultural products," Dr Birnie said.' (Belfast Telegraph)
DUP COULD INVOKE WITHDRAWAL DEAL ARTICLE 16 TO KILL NI OPT-OUT
Ian Paisley Jr is trying to bounce Arlene Foster into supporting a vote in the Assembly to invoke Article 16 which allows the NIA to stop the trade/border arrangements. Belfast Telegraph.
LOYALISTS WANT DUP TO WRECK STORMONT TO KILL IRISH SEA BORDER
This is the argument from loyalist Jamie Bryson in his new book: make it "ungovernable" is his idea. Belfast Telegraph. And Indie a day later with more quotes from Paisley etc.
A few days later and multiple English MPs have joined the unionist calls for change as empty supermarket shelves become a reality. Belfast Telegraph.
But really, the DUP position is impossible. They stood for not just Brexit but even no-deal Brexit, and kept the Tories in power for 2 years, also giving legitimacy to Johnson. They don't want damage to the NI economy - but that means minimising disruption to both trade with the EU through Ireland and the UK too. One or both has to take a big hit, and it's an uncomfortable position for unionists to be seen arguing that the all-Ireland economy is crucial.
Jeffrey Donaldson is going to use an oral urgent question in the Commons in a bid to get the trade deal scrapped, citing 17 examples of how it has impacted trade between GB and NI. The UUP also want it scrapped but are campaigning for a longer delay to fully enacting it. Belfast Telegraph.
And he did! (Guardian) 'Westminster, says trade between Britain and Northern Ireland is not working. He says direct intervention is needed.
Johnson says there are “teething problems”, but he says no lorries have turned back.
If there are problems deemed disproportionate, the government would be willing to invoke article 16 of the Northern Ireland protocol.'
Here's a good BBC summary; Paisley actually asked "what did we do to members on those benches over there to be screwed over by this protocol?"
END OF THE UNION?
BTele. While Foster claims NI shows its adaptability heading into its centenary both SF and SDLP are adamant that Brexit has doomed the union. SDLP leader Colum Eastwood said it's important not to be triumphalist - but that reunification is now inevitable.
2020
DECEMBER
EVERYONE ELSE BLAMES DUP FOR IRISH SEA BORDER!
Belfast Telegraph. Former UUP leader Lord Empey joined the SDLP and Alliance in blaming DUP hubris, agreeing to a Boris Johnson proposal in October 2019, for the effective Irish Sea border. The SDLP say this is the end for the union, while Alliance condemn Brexit, with all NI MPs (obviously excluding Sinn Fein) voting against the final Brexit Withdrawal bill.
ALL NI PARTIES OPPOSE TORY BREXIT DEAL?!
Seems so... BBC.
A series of BBC reports (look at the end of the article for stories from 2018 and 2019) based on official Irish government papers being released after the 20 year secrecy rule has insights on how the Tories loathed and scorned Unionists, Major was seen as more likely to negotiate than Thatcher (correct!!), the IRA Army Council were in part hostile to Sinn Fein's socialist outlook, and more. BBC.
Here's how the NI parties reacted to the Dec 24 2020 Brexit deal (BBC) - cautiously welcomed by DUP and SF for bringing some clarity, but SDLP, UUP and Alliance focus on the damage of Brexit (the UUP more on the Irish Sea border which ultimately the DUP will surely react against too?).
The BBC is doing a series of features in late December 2020 building up to the 2021 centenary of NI's formation. Here they consider the 5 steps that led to an Irish Sea border.
Amid all the pints and poetry, it is perhaps telling that the most consistently cited proof of Biden’s fighting Irish spirit is that members of his party showed displeasure with Johnson’s internal market bill, on the fairly reasonable grounds that it breaks international law and places at risk the Good Friday agreement. It should be remembered that the latter is not disputed territory on a war-torn map, but an article of British law to which Biden seems more committed than the nation who authored it, for whom it has facilitated two decades of fragile but existent peace. (Guardian)
But Tory MPs have backed down from a threatened rebellion even as legal experts quit government posts. (Guardian)
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